Cracking the Code: Your Ultimate Guide to Understanding and Conquering Acne

Did you know that acne affects a staggering 9.4% of the global population? It's not just a mere skin issue, it's a nagging problem that can make you feel self-conscious and uncomfortable. Let's understand about acne, types, the related causes, and preventive measures for acne, empowering you to achieve that coveted clear, healthy skin.

What is acne and why does it occur?

Acne, or as we commonly call it, "pimples", is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects pilosebaceous follicles. The lesions of acne can be characterized as non-inflammatory and inflammatory lesions (Table 1). They often lead to pigmentation and scars on the skin, thereby requiring prolonged and persistent therapy.

The Anatomy of Acne

Acne results from inflammation of sebaceous glands linked to hair follicles, mainly on the face, back, and chest. Normally, these glands produce sebum, which travels through pores to the skin surface. In acne, a mix of hair, sebum, and skin cells clog the pores, encouraging bacterial growth and inflammation. This leads to painful, swollen pimples when follicles burst.

Factors Contributing to Acne

Factors that can cause or exacerbate acne include genetics; environmental factors such as pollution, humidity, sun exposure, temperature, or the use of mineral oils/halogenated hydrocarbons; your diet; hormonal changes; cosmetics you use; smoking; stress; and certain medications.

Factors contributing to acne vulgaris development include excess sebum production, abnormal hyperkeratinization of follicles, hyperproliferation of bacteria, and inflammation.

• Hyperkeratinization: Your skin's follicles can get clogged when excess keratinocytes build up, leading to acne
• Sebum production: Hormonal changes might cause your skin to produce more oil, worsening acne
• Hyperproliferation of Cutibacterium acnes: C. acnes tends to colonize sebaceous follicles where they break down triglycerides in sebum into glycerol and fatty acids, that forms comedones and trigger inflammation
• Inflammation: Your immune system's response to these bacteria can also lead to acne inflammation.

Acne Scarring and Keloids:

Scarring from acne results from skin damage during healing. Two types of scars can form: atrophic scars, associated with collagen loss, and hypertrophic/keloid scars, linked to excess collagen deposition.
Prevention and various treatments help minimize these scars by reducing inflammation and acne lesions. In addition, treatment of acne improve appearance, reduce potential adverse effects, and minimize scarring.

Skincare tips for acne-prone skin

Here are some tips to take care of your acne prone skin:

• Use oil-free and non-comedogenic products
• Exfoliate gently to remove dead skin cells without aggravating acne
• Use moisturizing sunscreens
• Consume fiber-rich foods to eliminate toxins
• Avoid foods high in glycemic index and calories
• Consume antioxidant-rich foods
• Use makeup applicators instead of fingers and clean them regularly
• Avoid heavy makeup to prevent pore blockage
• Avoid popping pimples to prevent redness, swelling, and scarring
• Reduce stress by moderate exercises, good nutrition, deep breathing exercises, and sufficient sleep
• Maintain a consistent skincare routine and adhere to the treatment plan recommended by your doctor

Acne isn't just a cosmetic issue, it's a significant skin concern that requires attention and understanding. Seeking guidance from dermatologists and sticking to treatment plans are essential steps towards achieving clear, healthy skin. Remember, consistency is key in the battle against acne.